Newspaper questions

1. Who is being represented in this image? 
 - Lower class, black, male youth

2. Are you being given the stereotypical or counter typical image of the person/group?Describe the representation. 
- Stereotypical because this was when chav's were starting to become a thing where peopple in full adidas tracksuits and has hit entire face covered with a balaclava. Where as if this was to be a counter type then people would expect to see a successful teenager who is achieved a lot. 

3. How is this representation being constructed by the media language? Consider camera angles, choice of images, colours, size, mise en scene, etc. 
- The colour of this image has a smokey background to go with the idea that this is a bad person doing a bad thing . Also this photo has been photo shopped and this man isn't actually in hackney at all but with the language that they have used it hasn't actually  said that he is there. So by being vague they haven't lied to us at all, we just assumed. 

4. How is the representation being constructed by the text? - consider word choices, size of text, tone etc. 
- The major word seen in this article is the word 'Anarchy this word connotes horror, destruction and no order. This is to mainly represent what young people are and how terrible they are and that power should be scared of them. 

Newspaper revision

Pros and cons online news

Pros:
-Free
-Immediately
-Navigation
-Unlimited space
-Interactive
-Cant be ruined
-Make changes/Can be edited

Cons: 
-Phones or tablets need to be charged
-Connection needed
-Fake news
-Hack-able
-Troll comments
-Skim interest
-Older generations might have trouble
-Adverts and pop ups 

Right wing and Left wing policies

Right wing:

• Conservative 
• UKIP
• Traditional values 
• "Survival of the fittest"- We should keep the money we earn, because we deserve it. 
• Don't believe in benefits/ Welfare for all 
• Don't want the NHS or State schools- Privatization
• Tied to the church/ Christian beliefs 
• Pro brexit 
• Not worried about environment  

Left wing:

• Guardian/ Mirror 
• Optimists 
• Antibrexit- Pro immigration 
• Labor 
• The green party welfare state 
• higher taxes- Especially on the rich 
• looking for more equality 
• idealists 
• fight for women, gay etc rights 
•  Pro national 

How can you spot bias in a newspaper?

1. Bias through choice of photos photos, captions and camera angle- does the person look empowered? weak? Foolish?  
2. Bias through placement - Is it on the front page or hidden on page 15, how long through the paper is the article?
3. Bias through word choice and tone. 
4. Bias through headlines- what is the headline article and how is it pitched? 
5. Bias through source control- who has been interviewed? 
6. Bias through use of names and titles- Nickname, respectful terms? 
7. Bias through selection of omission- which articles are included and left out? 
8. Bias through statistics and crowd control.

The guardian front cover analysis

The Sun front cover analysis

Gatekeeper

A term which is applied to the editing and filming process where decisions are made to let some information pass through to one receiver (audience and other information remains barred. These people can really change the way we see the media.

One example of this is with the Sun newspaper on the 6th of November 2017 where Rupert Murdoch who owns the sun was found to be stashing money away in foreign banks so he would not have to pay for taxes. Because of this nothing about this scandal was printed into this newspaper because Rupert Murdoch is the gate keeper for them. The Guardian did the complete opposite because their gatekeeper, Alan Rusbridger, thought that he could possibly exploit Rupert Murdoch. 

Newspaper article analysis

Headline: 

Works as an enigma (Barthes), teasing the audience to want to find out more. They are an important hook to capture the audience and encourage them to pay attention to the article. There is an assumption in this headline that the audience will know who Brady is, and the word ‘moor’ will remind them if they have forgotten.

Intro: 

Like the headline, the hook should grab the audience’s attention and encourage them to want to read the rest of the article. Intros are usually very short – maybe 30 words – and should be able to be read and digested quickly and easily. The intro sums up the main point of the article – in this case the discussion of Brady’s possible final resting place.

Focus: 
Journalists often present stories from a human interest angle, putting people at the centre of their stories. Quotes are often used to give a human touch by emphasising the importance of the people in the story. In this instance, Brady is the focus but the sympathy clearly lies with the victims and their families. A quote from one of the victim’s brothers shows this.

Narrative: 
Reveals information in such a way as to keep the reader interested but also to aid their understanding of what is going on.

Structure: 
Short paragraphs are important in news reports and each one is used to develop the narrative of the story a little bit more. There is also often a structure to news stories in that all the important info is given at the start and less important details are added later. In this example, the important info is that a coroner will not release Brady’s body until he is satisfied his ashes won’t be scattered on the Moor. Arguably less important information comes later such as how he died.

Newspapers

- Newspapers have been around since the 17 century
- Until the 20th century newspapers were the primary means of bringing  news to the public
- Unlike news broadcasting, newspapers do not have have to be impartial.
- They are largley self regulating. They have a regulation body.

There are many different newspapers such as:

• The sun 
• Daily mail 
• Daily times 
• Daily telegraph 
• The metro 
• Express 
• The guardian 
• The sunday times 
• Financal times 
• Independant 
• The mail 

There are two different types of newspapers- Broadsheets and Tabloids. 

Boardsheets: 

• Formal language 
• Simple black-on-white
• One main image 
• Small font 
• Aimed at higher social demographics (A,B,C1) 
• Serious headlines 

Tabloids:

• Not much writing
• Lots of colours
• Lots of pictures
• Sometimes there is a joke as the headline 
• Aimed at lower social demographics (C2,D,E)

Galtung and Ruge

Threshold- The bigger the impact and the reach of the story.
Unambigous- A story with no confusion 
Unexpectedness- If it was not expected or off the wall 
Personalisation- Giving it human intrest.
Negativity- No one likes a happy story, if it bleeds it leads. 
Proximity- Where it is, more close to home.
Elite person/place- Important people and powerful nations.
Continuity/ currency- A story that will run on for a long time. 

Gillette Advert

Gillette Advert
Most media text works to the principle of being a success is to either: 

• Generate money 
• Attract as large an audience as possible
• Genres are used to appeal to a specific audience.
• Audience seek out genres that they enjoy. 

In this advert they do all of this. Firstly they show the idea of having money of everybody wearing suits and having a good time with each other. Even though you cannot hear what they are talking about they are all smiling at each other this can connote that these men are having a good time with each other. Also in the next shot you see a man looking in a mirror dressed in such a way he looks as if he is going to a wedding and this is then conformed by a women who goes up behind him and does his tie up properly. This women looks as if she is wearing a wedding dress which confirms this. After this it shows a man sitting on a computer on the phone and a man who he has to look up to clearly tells him something and pats him on the back proving that what he was told was good news because of his reaction. These all connote winning. In these adverts it seems as if they aren't trying to show you what the product does but what you can do if you use this product. So they are trying to sell a lifestyle more than the product. 

Video game Terminology

Triple A games- High production value, safe genre video games that are widely marketed to mass audience.
Oligopoly. Multi media conglomerates- e.g. Song and Microsoft, often facilitating synergy e,g, with films, consoles, magazines (Edge, PC Gamer...).
Publishers- Indie. Mainstream- pay for advertising./ marketing, ownership of game e.g. Assassins  Creed 3. is published by the french company Ubisoft. Other mainstream global publishers include EA, Take two interactive and Activision Blizzard.
Developer- Like a film production company e,g, Mojang developed Minecraft and it is now distributed by Microsoft.
Distributor- how games are made available to audiences e.g. via digital download. Steam is digital distribution platform.
PEGI- Pan European Games Information, Key regulatory body that certificate video games.
Designer- Responsible for creating a game using software, up to 200 designers on mainstream, triple A video games.
Engine- A system designed for the creation and development of video games. Audio- visual software framework that developers use. (Unreal engine is a famous games engine- Quake Bio shock: Infinite).
Event release- the hyped date used in the marketing of a video game. E.g. the eagerly awaited release of GTA V in September 13, 2013. 

Stereotypes- Types of stereotypes

Stereotypes- media institutions use stereotypes because the audience will understand them.They are visual shortcuts to categorise a genre.

Archetypes- This is the "ultimate" stereotypes, mainly going to the extreme of what people are supposed to be like.

Counter types- This is the opposite of a stereotype, which go against the conventional way to act and be. 

Representation- The way in which people events and idea and presented to the audience. This is also a way to break it down, the media takes something that is already represented produced it, in the way that they choose. 

Stereotypes- DR CAGES

Regional identity 

Regional identity is one of many ways that the media can categorize people from different regions of the world. One of the most controversial ways this has been demonstrated is on TV with "The Only Way Is Essex". This made people across the globe have an easy understanding of what people in Essex are like. This may be a slight bit of the truth but not all people in Essex are like this. 

Another possibility of regional identity in Films is in "Slumdog Millionaire". In this film a young boy goes onto the world famous show 'Who wants to be a millionaire' which he wins. But at the very beginning of this film he is shown a man being blown smoke at by a police officer. This caused a lot of hatred on the film because it stereotyped police in India and how they acted towards people.

One other way that the media use regional identity is through the newspapers. Racism is one of the biggest things which happens in newspapers because they love to focus on terrorism and with terrorism is where newspapers like the Daily mail have had many complaints about how they are bullying muslims. 

L.I.A.R

Liar 

L- language 
I- industry/institution
A- audience 
R- representation 

Language- what type of media is it? Codes and conventions, media texts follow the same rules depending on what kind of media platform they use.
Industry/Institution- This is who makes the media texts. The institution can be a large company like Warner bros. Pictures or small company like working title. 
Audience-This is who the media is made for. Some  believe that the media can manipulate us, others believe that the audience can manipulate the media. 
Representation- This is more about stereotypes and genres which represents people in the media.